Author Correction: High-energy neutrino transients and the future of multi-messenger astronomy
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First-principles and machine-learning approaches for interpreting and predicting the properties of MXenes
MXenes are a versatile family of 2D inorganic materials with applications in energy storage, shielding, sensing, and catalysis. This review highlights computational studies using density functional theory and machine-learning approaches to explore their structure (stacking, functionalization, doping), properties (electronic, mechanical, magnetic), and application potential. Key advances and challenges are critically examined, offering insights into applying computational research to transition these materials from the lab to practical use.
The dopaminergic effects of esketamine are mediated by a dual mechanism involving glutamate and opioid receptors
Esketamine represents a new class of drugs for treating mood disorders. Unlike traditional monoaminergic-based therapies, esketamine primarily targets N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR). However, esketamine is a complex drug with low affinity for NMDAR and can also bind to other targets, such as opioid receptors. Its precise mechanism of action for its antidepressant properties remains debated, as does its potential for misuse. A key component at the intersection of mood and reward processing is the dopaminergic system. In this study, we evaluated the effects of esketamine in locomotion, anxiety tests and operant responding and we used in vivo fiber photometry to explore the neurochemical effects of esketamine in the nucleus accumbens of mice. Our findings demonstrated multifaceted effects of esketamine on neurotransmitter dynamics. In freely behaving mice, esketamine increased locomotion and increased extracellular dopamine tone -by impairing dopamine clearance rather than promoting dopamine release- while decreasing glutamatergic activity. However, it decreased dopamine spontaneous release event frequency and impaired reward-evoked dopamine release, leading to a reduction in operant responding rates. These dopaminergic effects were partially, and conditionally, blocked by the opioid antagonist naloxone and required glutamatergic input. In summary, our study reveals a complex interaction between neurotransmitter systems, suggesting that the neurochemical effects of esketamine are both circuit- and state-dependent.
Management practices and manufacturing firm responses to a randomized energy audit
Increasing the efficiency of industrial energy use is widely considered important for mitigating climate change. We randomize assignment of an energy audit intervention aimed at improving energy efficiency and reducing energy expenditures of small- and medium-sized metal processing firms in Shandong Province, China, and examine impacts on energy outcomes and interactions with firms’ management practices. We find that the intervention reduced firms’ unit cost of electricity by 8% on average. Firms with more developed structured management practices showed higher rates of recommendation adoption. However, the post-intervention electricity unit cost reduction is larger in firms with less developed practices, primarily driven by a single recommendation that corrected managers’ inaccurate reporting of transformer usage at baseline, lowering their electricity costs. By closing management-associated gaps in awareness of energy expenditures, energy audit programmes may reduce a firm’s unit cost of energy but have an ambiguous impact on energy use and climate change.
Additive manufacturing of a 3D-segmented plastic scintillator detector for tracking and calorimetry of elementary particles
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