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Perspectives on transport pathways of microplastics across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region

This perspective will focus for the first time on the occurrence and potential transport pathways of MPs within the MENA region. The delivery mechanism of MPs and characteristics of ocean currents and air patterns are discussed in detail within the Arabian Gulf -Gulf of Oman complex, the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden complex, the southern Arabian margin, and non-MENA region to the south, as well as the Mediterranean Sea respectively. Significant variable dissemination and seasonal delivery across different locations in the MENA regions are revealed from this analysis. The review provides guidance for researchers and government authorities in conducting MPs research and proposing actionable measures to mitigate risks associated with chemical and biological contamination.

Minero-chemical analysis of the translucent stone bowls from the Bronze Age Ghara Cheshmeh Site, Northeastern Iran

Fourteen fragments of translucent stone bowls excavated from the Bronze Age Ghara Cheshmeh site, northeastern Iran, were studied to characterize their chemical and mineralogical properties. The analytical methods included petrography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. The results revealed that all vessels are made of calcite alabaster or banded calcite with high purity, although some small amounts of dolomite and quartz were also found. The partial chemical–mineralogical homogeneity of the stones used for vessel production suggests that the presumably same source or quarry used to provide the raw stone. However, evidence of stone carving was also discovered at the site, showing possibility of local sources.

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