Author Correction: Development of the psychopathological vulnerability index for screening at-risk youths: a Rasch model approach
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Development of the psychopathological vulnerability index for screening at-risk youths: a Rasch model approach
Accumulating research on mental health emphasizes the general factor of psychopathology (p-factor) that unites various mental health issues. This study develops a psychopathological vulnerability assessment for youths, evaluating its psychometric properties and clinical utility. An umbrella review conceptualized multifactor psychopathological vulnerability, leading to a 57-item pool. A total of 11,224 individuals participated in this study. The resulting 22-item psychopathological vulnerability index (PVI) fitted the unidimensional Rasch model, demonstrating a person separation reliability of 0.78 and a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84. Cut-off points of 11 and 5, derived from latent class analysis, were used to distinguish vulnerable and high-protection populations. The PVI’s concurrent and predictive hit rates ranged from 36.00% to 53.57% in clinical samples. The PVI concretized the vulnerability–stress model for identifying at-risk youths and may facilitate universal interventions by integrating the theoretical foundations of bifactor S-1 models with key symptoms from network models for theoretically grounded approaches.
Spatiotemporal changes and driving factors of ecological vulnerability in karst World Heritage sites based on SRP and geodetector: a case study of Shibing and Libo-Huanjiang karst
Ecological vulnerability is crucial in assessing the ecosystems of Karst World Heritage Sites(WHSs), providing vital insights for ecological evaluation, protection, and resilience enhancement. This study develops an indicator system based on the Sensitivity-Recovery-Pressure (SRP) conceptual model, selecting 11 indicators across four dimensions: climate, topography, vegetation, and human disturbance. Using Shibing and Libo-Huanjiang Karst WHSs as study areas, we analyzed data from 2014, 2018, and 2022. By integrating the entropy weight method with the Geodetector, we investigated the spatiotemporal changes in ecological vulnerability and identified the primary driving factors. The findings reveal: (1) Temporally, the comprehensive ecological vulnerability index of Shibing WHS initially decreased and then increased from 2014 to 2022, but overall trending positively. In contrast, the vulnerability index of Libo-Huanjiang WHS showed a slight increase. (2) Spatially, core areas of the WHSs exhibited relatively low ecological vulnerability, while buffer zones and tourist concentration areas showed higher vulnerability. (3) Regarding driving factors, all indicators significantly influenced ecological vulnerability, with multi-factor interactions offering stronger explanatory power than single factors. These results provide essential scientific evidence for assessing the ecological environment of Karst WHSs, promoting sustainable tourism development, and enhancing environmental change resilience.
Socially vulnerable communities face disproportionate exposure and susceptibility to U.S. wildfire and prescribed burn smoke
While air pollution from most U.S. sources has decreased, emissions from wildland fires have risen. Here, we use an integrated assessment model to estimate that wildfire and prescribed burn smoke caused $200 billion in health damages in 2017, associated with 20,000 premature deaths. Nearly half of this damage came from wildfires, predominantly in the West, with the remainder from prescribed burns, mostly in the Southeast. Our analysis reveals positive correlations between smoke exposure and various social vulnerability measures; however, when also considering smoke susceptibility, these disparities are systematically influenced by age. Senior citizens, who are disproportionately White, represented 16% of the population but incurred 75% of the damages. Nonetheless, within most age groups, Native American and Black communities experienced the greatest damages per capita. Our work highlights the extraordinary and disproportionate effects of the growing threat of fire smoke and calls for targeted, equitable policy solutions for a healthier future.
Operationalizing climate risk in a global warming hotspot
Climate change is a looming threat to marine life, creating an urgent need to develop climate-informed conservation strategies. The Climate Risk Index for Biodiversity was designed to assess the climate risk for marine species in a manner that supports decision-making. Yet, its regional application remains to be explored. Here, we use it to evaluate climate risk for ~2000 species in the northwest Atlantic Ocean, a marine warming hotspot, to explore its capacity to inform climate-considered fisheries management. Under high emissions, harvested species, especially those with the highest economic value, have a disproportionate risk of projected exposure to hazardous climate conditions but benefit the most from emission mitigation. By mapping critical risk areas for 90 fish stocks, we pinpoint locations likely to require additional intervention, such as in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence for Atlantic cod. Finally, we demonstrate how evaluating climate risk geographically and understanding how it arises can support short- and long-term fisheries management and conservation objectives under climate change.
Global implementation and evaluation of atrial fibrillation screening in the past two decades – a narrative review
Advances in screening technology have been made in tandem with the aging population and increasing atrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence. While several randomized controlled trials demonstrate the efficacy of AF screening, less evidence has been synthesized addressing the implementation and evaluation of AF screening programs. We systematically searched the PubMed database from 1st January 2000 to 18th January 2024. The search terms included “atrial fibrillation” and “screening” and their synonyms. Articles that described screening implementation, including screening methods, were included. Editorial, commentary, engineering, and basic science articles were excluded. 1767 abstracts were screened, of which 138 full articles were reviewed, and 87 studies were included: 90% from high-income, 8% from upper-middle-income and 2% from lower-middle-income countries/ regions. The screening initiatives included general practice (n = 31), remote self-screening (n = 30), pharmacy (n = 11), community centers and villages (n = 10), hospital (n = 4), and nursing home (n = 1). Most studies used handheld ECG devices (n = 72, 83%), some used wearable devices (n = 13, 15%), and two (2%) used implantable cardiac devices. Comparator groups were described in 17% (15/87) studies: all 6 remote self-screening trials showed superior AF detection rates compared to usual care (these studies applied intermittent screening using handheld ECG devices over 2 weeks to 12 months or wearing ECG patches for continuous monitoring over 2–4 weeks), but 9 trials using systematic and opportunistic screening in primary care settings showed mixed results. Among 72 studies without comparator groups, 18 reported new AF detection rates below 1%, 48 reported 1–10%, 5 reported above 10%, and one reported an AF incidence rate of 2.25% patient-years (95% CI 2.03–2.48). Only 22% (19/87) of studies reported on the implementation evaluation (12 by surveys and 7 by interviews), surveying participant acceptability, usability, and satisfaction, and some studies in general practice and pharmacy interviewing participants and qualitatively evaluating the enablers and barriers to implementation. These studies reported barriers of lack of resources and referral pathways and enablers of having a designated staff member to lead implementation at point-of-care settings. AF screening implementation studies were mainly conducted in high-income countries/ regions. Detection rates were highest in older and higher risk groups, and if longer continuous ECG monitoring was used. Few studies reported details of the implementation of AF screening programs concerning cost, scalability, or comparative effectiveness of remote technology-driven screening approaches versus lower-tech approaches such as pulse palpation. Despite AF screening recommendations existing for some time, we seem to lack the data to effectively scale these initiatives.
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