Croissance urbaine, histoire génétique, prévention du VIH
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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in women worldwide. Yet cardiovascular disease in women remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially among vulnerable populations such as older women, low-income populations, and ethnic minorities. Resultantly, reduction in cardiovascular mortality among women has stagnated. To examine, consolidate current research findings and policies to identify gaps in women’s heart health practice, this review screened 21476 records and synthesized results from 124 English language publications worldwide. Using a life course approach, we assessed the connection between clinical recommendations and policy, and documented global recommendations and policies addressing prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. Key recommendations include fostering environments that encourage sustainable health behaviors for young women, advocating for national surveillance systems and guidelines for monitoring and increasing the understanding of cardiovascular health in high-risk pregnancy/postpartum groups, developing community prevention programs for midlife/menopause, and implementing direct population health management initiatives for elderly women, with an emphasis on higher risk groups. Inequalities still exist among women with varying socioeconomic status and race between countries, and even within countries.
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The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic in 2019 has profoundly affected public health and the global economy. Policymakers face the challenge of evolving virus mutations and one key measure involves the use of Health Code to classify the public and enforce quarantine policies. Despite widespread adoption, its effectiveness in mitigating the epidemic is not well understood. Here, we proposed an infection component model to assess the Health Code’s effectiveness. We found that “Precise control” using Health Code can strike a balance between economic growth and public health, reducing 97% of deaths and improving 1% of GDP compared to “No control” or city shutdown policies. Moreover, its medical costs are only 43% of the latter. However, its effectiveness diminishes if the basic reproductive number (({R}_{0})) exceeds 16.5, indicating the end of this epidemic with “Precise control”. These findings have important implications for policymakers in developing effective strategies to combat the pandemic.
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