Grandmaternal obesity in early pregnancy and risk of grandoffspring preterm birth: a nationwide three-generation study
Related Articles
Maternal weight during pregnancy and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in offspring
In addition to biological factors, maternal exposures during pregnancy can contribute to leukemogenesis in offspring. We conducted a population-based cohort study in Sweden to investigate the association between risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in offspring and maternal anthropometrics during pregnancy. A total of 2,961,435 live-born singletons during 1983–2018 were followed from birth to ALL diagnosis, end of age 18, or end of 2018. 1388 children were diagnosed with ALL (55.6% boys). We observed an increased risk of ALL among daughters of overweight/obese mothers in early pregnancy [Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2; Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2–1.6] compared with the risk in daughters of mothers with normal BMI. This association was not found in their sons (SIR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9–1.1). Similar results were found for the association between ALL and maternal BMI before delivery. We did not find an association between low or high gestational weight gain (GWG) and risk of ALL (both SIRs = 1.0) in male/female offspring. These suggest that maternal overweight/obesity are important risk factors for childhood ALL in daughters, whereas GWG is not associated with risk of ALL. Further research on this mother-daughter association may shed light on a possible sex hormone/chromosome-related etiology of ALL.
Role of pancreatic lipase inhibition in obesity treatment: mechanisms and challenges towards current insights and future directions
The worldwide health emergency of obesity is closely connected to how dietary fats are metabolized, whereas the process is significantly influenced by pancreatic lipase (PL), an enzyme critical for lipid hydrolysis into fatty acids. This narrative review employs a methodological approach utilizing literature searches of PubMed data up to March 2024. The search term criteria encompasses keywords related to the role, mechanism, challenges, and current and future treatments of pancreatic lipase in obesity with an overall references is 106. This paper offers a comprehensive explanation of the role of PL, underlining its significance in the digestive process and lipid imbalances that contribute to obesity and by extension, its impact on obesity development and progression. Additionally, it delves into the dual functionality of the pancreas, emphasizing its impact on metabolism and energy utilization which, when dysregulated, promotes obesity. A focal point of this review is the investigation into the efficacy, challenges, and adverse effects of current pancreatic lipase inhibitors, with orlistat being highlighted as a primary current drug delivery. By discussing advanced obesity treatments, including the exploration of novel anti-obesity medications that target specific biological pathways, this review underscores the complexity of obesity treatment and the necessity for a multifaceted approach. In conclusion, this paper emphasizing the importance of understanding the role of enzymes like pancreatic lipase mechanistic and adopting a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and side effects of current obesity drugs and explore new emerging therapeutic strategies for more effective obesity management.
Pediatric obesity and the risk of multiple sclerosis: a nationwide prospective cohort study
Emerging evidence implies a link between high pediatric body mass index (BMI) and an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, previous research suggests this association is only present for adolescent obesity and not childhood obesity. The present study aimed to assess the association between pediatric obesity and risk of developing MS, and to investigate if degree of obesity and age at obesity treatment initiation affects the risk. In a subgroup, response to obesity treatment on MS risk was assessed.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying obesity in degenerative spine and joint diseases
Degenerative spine and joint diseases, including intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), ossification of the spinal ligaments (OSL), and osteoarthritis (OA), are common musculoskeletal diseases that cause pain or disability to the patients. However, the pathogenesis of these musculoskeletal disorders is complex and has not been elucidated clearly to date. As a matter of fact, the spine and joints are not independent of other organs and tissues. Recently, accumulating evidence demonstrates the association between obesity and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Obesity is a common metabolic disease characterized by excessive adipose tissue or abnormal adipose distribution in the body. Excessive mechanical stress is regarded as a critical risk factor for obesity-related pathology. Additionally, obesity-related factors, mainly including lipid metabolism disorder, dysregulated pro-inflammatory adipokines and cytokines, are reported as plausible links between obesity and various human diseases. Importantly, these obesity-related factors are deeply involved in the regulation of cell phenotypes and cell fates, extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, and inflammation in the pathophysiological processes of degenerative spine and joint diseases. In this study, we systematically discuss the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying obesity in these degenerative musculoskeletal diseases, and hope to provide novel insights for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
Are associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related cancer modified by comparative body weight at age 10 years in the UK Biobank study?
Adults living with overweight or obesity do not represent a single homogenous group in terms of mortality and disease risks. The aim of our study was to evaluate how the associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with mortality and incident disease are modified by (i.e., differ according to) self-reported childhood body weight categories.
Responses