Hashing the message with cells
Related Articles
The design space of E(3)-equivariant atom-centred interatomic potentials
Molecular dynamics simulation is an important tool in computational materials science and chemistry, and in the past decade it has been revolutionized by machine learning. This rapid progress in machine learning interatomic potentials has produced a number of new architectures in just the past few years. Particularly notable among these are the atomic cluster expansion, which unified many of the earlier ideas around atom-density-based descriptors, and Neural Equivariant Interatomic Potentials (NequIP), a message-passing neural network with equivariant features that exhibited state-of-the-art accuracy at the time. Here we construct a mathematical framework that unifies these models: atomic cluster expansion is extended and recast as one layer of a multi-layer architecture, while the linearized version of NequIP is understood as a particular sparsification of a much larger polynomial model. Our framework also provides a practical tool for systematically probing different choices in this unified design space. An ablation study of NequIP, via a set of experiments looking at in- and out-of-domain accuracy and smooth extrapolation very far from the training data, sheds some light on which design choices are critical to achieving high accuracy. A much-simplified version of NequIP, which we call BOTnet (for body-ordered tensor network), has an interpretable architecture and maintains its accuracy on benchmark datasets.
Multimodal insights: enhancing cultural promotion through analysis of Saudi Arabian audiovisual productions
This research explores the application of Dicerto’s (2018) multimodal pragmatic model in analyzing Arabic audiovisual productions for translation purposes, focusing on enhancing cultural promotion. Employing a qualitative descriptive analysis approach, the study examines samples from Saudi productions that promote tourism, mainly focusing on Saudi coffee and its cultural traditions to enlighten foreign visitors about Saudi culture. The analysis reveals that Dicerto’s model provides a clear framework for achieving semantic fidelity in translation, ensuring that the translated text closely resembles its original in interpretative richness. Central to this framework is the principle of optimal relevance, wherein the sender intends the message to be maximally pertinent to the audience, thereby justifying the recipient’s cognitive effort in processing it and facilitating access to the sender’s intentions. This research sheds light on the effectiveness of applying multimodal analysis models in cultural promotion efforts through audiovisual productions, particularly in Saudi Arabian tourism promotion.
Warning people that they are being microtargeted fails to eliminate persuasive advantage
The practice of microtargeting in politics, involving tailoring persuasive messages to individuals based on personal vulnerabilities, has raised manipulation concerns. As microtargeting’s persuasive benefits are well-established and its use facilitated by AI tools and personality-inference models, ethical and regulatory concerns are magnified. Here, we explore countering microtargeting effects by creating a warning signal deployed when users encounter personality-tailored political ads. Three studies evaluated the effectiveness of warning “popups” against potential microtargeting by comparing persuasiveness of targeted vs. non-targeted messages with and without popups. Using within subject-designs, Studies 1 (N = 666), 2a (N = 432), and 2b (N = 669) reveal a targeting effect, with targeted ads deemed more persuasive than non-targeted ones. More important, the presence of a warning popup had no meaningful impact on persuasiveness. Overall, across the three studies, personality-targeted ads were significantly more persuasive than non-targeted ones, and this advantage persisted despite warnings. Given the focus on transparency in initiatives like the EU’s AI Act, our finding that warnings have little effect has potential policy implications.
Psychological booster shots targeting memory increase long-term resistance against misinformation
An increasing number of real-world interventions aim to preemptively protect or inoculate people against misinformation. Inoculation research has demonstrated positive effects on misinformation resilience when measured immediately after treatment via messages, games, or videos. However, very little is currently known about their long-term effectiveness and the mechanisms by which such treatment effects decay over time. We start by proposing three possible models on the mechanisms driving resistance to misinformation. We then report five pre-registered longitudinal experiments (Ntotal = 11,759) that investigate the effectiveness of psychological inoculation interventions over time as well as their underlying mechanisms. We find that text-based and video-based inoculation interventions can remain effective for one month—whereas game-based interventions appear to decay more rapidly—and that memory-enhancing booster interventions can enhance the diminishing effects of counter-misinformation interventions. Finally, we propose an integrated memory-motivation model, concluding that misinformation researchers would benefit from integrating knowledge from the cognitive science of memory to design better psychological interventions that can counter misinformation durably over time and at-scale.
Terminal differentiation and persistence of effector regulatory T cells essential for preventing intestinal inflammation
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a specialized CD4+ T cell lineage with essential anti-inflammatory functions. Analysis of Treg cell adaptations to non-lymphoid tissues that enable their specialized immunosuppressive and tissue-supportive functions raises questions about the underlying mechanisms of these adaptations and whether they represent stable differentiation or reversible activation states. Here, we characterize distinct colonic effector Treg cell transcriptional programs. Attenuated T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and acquisition of substantial TCR-independent functionality seems to facilitate the terminal differentiation of a population of colonic effector Treg cells that are distinguished by stable expression of the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10. Functional studies show that this subset of effector Treg cells, but not their expression of IL-10, is indispensable for colonic health. These findings identify core features of the terminal differentiation of effector Treg cells in non-lymphoid tissues and their function.
Responses