High-definition imaging of a filamentary connection between a close quasar pair at z = 3
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In vivo surface-enhanced Raman scattering techniques: nanoprobes, instrumentation, and applications
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a powerful tool in various biomedical applications, including in vivo imaging, diagnostics, and therapy, largely due to the development of near-infrared (NIR) active SERS substrates. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SERS-based applications in vivo, focusing on key aspects such as the design considerations for SERS nanoprobes and advancements in instrumentation. Topics covered include the development of NIR SERS substrates, Raman label compounds (RLCs), protective coatings, and the conjugation of bioligands for targeted imaging and therapy. The review also discusses microscope-based configurations such as scanning, widefield imaging, and fiber-optic setups. Recent advances in using SERS nanoprobes for in vivo sensing, diagnostics, biomolecule screening, multiplex imaging, intraoperative guidance, and multifunctional cancer therapy are highlighted. The review concludes by addressing challenges in the clinical translation of SERS nanoprobes and outlines future directions, emphasizing opportunities for advancing biomedical research and clinical applications.
Airborne optical imaging technology: a road map in CIOMP
Airborne optical imaging can flexibly obtain the intuitive information of the observed scene from the air, which plays an important role of modern optical remote sensing technology. Higher resolution, longer imaging distance, and broader coverage are the unwavering pursuits in this research field. Nevertheless, the imaging environment during aerial flights brings about multi-source dynamic interferences such as temperature, air pressure, and complex movements, which forms a serious contradiction with the requirements of precision and relative staticity in optical imaging. As the birthplace of Chinese optical industry, the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP) has conducted the research on airborne optical imaging for decades, resulting in rich innovative achievements, completed research conditions, and exploring a feasible development path. This article provides an overview of the innovative work of CIOMP in the field of airborne optical imaging, sorts out the milestone nodes, and predicts the future development direction of this discipline, with the aim of providing inspiration for related research.
Relay-projection microscopic telescopy
The fundamental trade-off between spatial resolution and imaging distance poses a significant challenge for current imaging techniques, such as those used in modern biomedical diagnosis and remote sensing. Here, we introduce a new conceptual method for imaging dynamic amplitude-phase-mixed objects, termed relay-projection microscopic telescopy (rPMT), which fundamentally challenges conventional light collection techniques by employing non-line-of-sight light collection through square-law relay-projection mechanisms. We successfully resolved tiny features measuring 2.76 μm, 22.10 μm, and 35.08 μm for objects positioned at distances of 1019.0 mm, 26.4 m, and 96.0 m, respectively, from single-shot spatial power spectrum images captured on the relay screen; these results demonstrate that the resolution capabilities of rPMT significantly surpass the Abbe diffraction limit of the 25 mm-aperture camera lens at the respective distances, achieving resolution improvement factors of 7.9, 25.4, and 58.2. The rPMT exhibits long-distance, wide-range, high-resolution imaging capabilities that exceed the diffraction limit of the camera lens and the focusing range limit, even when the objects are obscured by a scattering medium. The rPMT enables telescopic imaging from centimeters to beyond hundreds of meters with micrometer-scale resolution using simple devices, including a laser diode, a portable camera, and a diffusely reflecting whiteboard. Unlike contemporary high-resolution imaging techniques, our method does not require labeling reagents, wavefront modulation, synthetic receive aperture, or ptychography scanning, which significantly reduce the complexity of the imaging system and enhance the application practicality. This method holds particular promise for in-vivo label-free dynamic biomedical microscopic imaging diagnosis and remote surveillance of small objects.
Machine learning empowered coherent Raman imaging and analysis for biomedical applications
In situ and in vivo visualization and analysis of functional, endogenous biomolecules in living systems have generated a pivotal impact in our comprehension of biology and medicine. An increasingly adopted approach involves the utilization of molecular vibrational spectroscopy, which delivers notable advantages such as label-free imaging, high spectral density, high sensitivity, and molecule specificity. Nonetheless, analyzing and processing the intricate, multi-dimensional imaging data to extract interpretable and actionable information poses a fundamental obstacle. In contrast to conventional multivariate methods, machine learning has recently gained considerable attention for its capability of discerning essential features from massive datasets. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in the application of machine learning in the molecular spectroscopic imaging fields. We also discuss notable attributes of spectroscopic imaging modalities and explore their broader impact on other imaging techniques.
Compartmentalized dendritic plasticity in the mouse retrosplenial cortex links contextual memories formed close in time
Events occurring close in time are often linked in memory, and recent studies suggest that such memories are encoded by overlapping neuronal ensembles. However, the role of dendritic plasticity mechanisms in linking memories is unknown. Here we show that memory linking is dependent not only on neuronal ensemble overlap in the mouse retrosplenial cortex, but also on branch-specific dendritic allocation mechanisms. The same dendritic segments are preferentially activated by two linked (but not independent) contextual memories, and spine clusters added after each of two linked (but not independent) contextual memories are allocated to the same dendritic segments. Importantly, we show that the reactivation of dendrites activated during the first context exploration is sufficient to link two contextual memories. Our results demonstrate a critical role for localized dendritic plasticity in memory integration and reveal rules governing how linked and independent memories are allocated to dendritic compartments.
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