Impact of a digital physical activity intervention on reducing sugar-sweetened beverage intake in young childhood cancer survivors
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Separate orexigenic hippocampal ensembles shape dietary choice by enhancing contextual memory and motivation
The hippocampus (HPC) has emerged as a critical player in the control of food intake, beyond its well-known role in memory. While previous studies have primarily associated the HPC with food intake inhibition, recent research suggests a role in appetitive processes. Here we identified spatially distinct neuronal populations within the dorsal HPC (dHPC) that respond to either fats or sugars, potent natural reinforcers that contribute to obesity development. Using activity-dependent genetic capture of nutrient-responsive dHPC neurons, we demonstrate a causal role of both populations in promoting nutrient-specific intake through different mechanisms. Sugar-responsive neurons encoded spatial memory for sugar location, whereas fat-responsive neurons selectively enhanced the preference and motivation for fat intake. Importantly, stimulation of either nutrient-responsive dHPC neurons increased food intake, while ablation differentially impacted obesogenic diet consumption and prevented diet-induced weight gain. Collectively, these findings uncover previously unknown orexigenic circuits underlying macronutrient-specific consumption and provide a foundation for developing potential obesity treatments.
Estimated human intake of endogenous and exogenous hormones from beef in the United States
Endogenous and exogenous hormones may be present in beef. Human consumption of hormones has been linked to adverse health effects.
Genetic architectures of childhood maltreatment and causal influence of childhood maltreatment on health outcomes in adulthood
Childhood maltreatment is increasingly recognized as a pivotal risk factor for adverse health outcomes. However, comprehensive analyses of its long-term impact are scarce. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the genetic architectures of childhood maltreatment and its influence on adult health and socioeconomic outcomes. Utilizing data from the UK Biobank (N = 129,017), we conducted sex-combined and sex-stratified genome-wide association studies to identify genomic loci associated with five childhood maltreatment subtypes. We then performed genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the effects of childhood maltreatment on high-burden diseases, healthcare costs, lifespan, and educational attainment. We identified several novel loci for childhood maltreatment, including one locus for sexual abuse in sex-combined analysis, one novel locus for sexual abuse in males, one locus for emotional neglect in females, and one locus for sexual abuse in females. The pairwise genetic correlations between subtypes of childhood maltreatment were moderate to high, and similar patterns of genetic correlations between childhood maltreatment subtypes were observed in males and females. Childhood maltreatment was genetically correlated with ten out of 16 high-burden diseases significantly after multiple testing correction. Moreover, MR analyses suggest childhood maltreatment may increase the risk of age-related and other hearing loss, low back pain, major depressive disorder, and migraine in adulthood, and reduce the lifespan. Our study elucidates the genetic architecture of specific childhood maltreatment subtypes and the influence of childhood maltreatment on health outcomes in adulthood, highlighting the enduring influence of childhood maltreatment on lifelong health consequences. It is important to develop prevention strategies to lower the incidence of childhood maltreatment and provide support and care for victims of childhood maltreatment for better long-term health outcomes in the population.
Hot beverage intake and oesophageal cancer in the UK Biobank: prospective cohort study
Drinking maté, a type of tea consumed at a very hot temperature in South America has been considered as a risk factor for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
The risk effects of corporate digitalization: exacerbate or mitigate?
This study elaborates on the risk effects of corporate digital transformation (CDT). Using the ratio of added value of digital assets to total intangible assets as a measure of CDT, this study overall reveals an inverse relationship between CDT and revenue volatility, even after employing a range of technical techniques to address potential endogeneity. Heterogeneity analysis highlights that the firms with small size, high capital intensity, and high agency costs benefit more from CDT. It also reveals that advancing information infrastructure, intellectual property protection, and digital taxation enhances the effectiveness of CDT. Mechanism analysis uncovers that CDT not only enhances financial advantages such as bolstering core business and mitigating non-business risks but also fosters non-financial advantages like improving corporate governance and ESG performance. Further inquiries into the side effects of CDT and the dynamics of revenue volatility indicate that CDT might compromise cash flow availability. Excessive digital investments exacerbate operating risks. Importantly, the reduction in operating risk associated with CDT does not sacrifice the potential for enhanced company performance; rather, it appears to augment the value of real options.
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