Implantable collamer lens sizing optimization based on the anterion AS-OCT biometric parameters
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An Integrative lifecycle design approach based on carbon intensity for renewable-battery-consumer energy systems
Driven by sustainable development goals and carbon neutrality worldwide, demands for both renewable energy and storage systems are constantly increasing. However, the lack of an appropriate approach without considering renewable intermittence and demand stochasticity will lead to capacity oversizing or undersizing. In this study, an optimal design approach is proposed for integrated photovoltaic-battery-consumer energy systems in the form of a m2-kWp-kWh relationship in both centralized and distributed formats. Superiorities of the proposed matching degree approach are compared with the traditional uniformity approach, in photovoltaic capacity, battery capacity, net present value and lifecycle carbon intensity. Results showed that the proposed method is superior to the traditional approach with higher net present value and lower carbon intensity. Furthermore, the proposed method can be scaled and applied to guide the design of photovoltaic-battery-consumer energy systems in different climate zones, promoting sustainable development and carbon neutrality globally.
Secure implantable cardiac pacemaker for medical consumer electronics
This paper proposes a novel approach to design secure hardware IPs of filter bank and QRS complex for implantable cardiac pacemaker, ensuring reliability and safety of patients. The hardware IPs are designed using proposed secure high-level synthesis (HLS), beginning with the derivation of data flow graphs from their transfer functions. It then extracts the AES-encrypted security signature of the original IP vendor, which is then encoded as a covert digital proof and covertly embedded during the HLS register allocation module. This produces secured hardware IP register transfer level (RTL) designs carrying embedded digital evidence for detective countermeasure against IP piracy/counterfeiting. The results demonstrate: (a) a low probability of coincidence, signifying strength of digital proof for hardware IPs (8.40E-17 to 4.78E-3); (b) stronger tamper tolerance (1.34E + 154 to 2.41E + 462) at negligible design cost overhead; (c) improved probability of coincidence, tamper tolerance and entropy compared to other approaches for proposed pacemaker hardware IPs.
High-performance achromatic flat lens by multiplexing meta-atoms on a stepwise phase dispersion compensation layer
Flat optics have attracted interest for decades due to their flexibility in manipulating optical wave properties, which allows the miniaturization of bulky optical assemblies into integrated planar components. Recent advances in achromatic flat lenses have shown promising applications in various fields. However, it is a significant challenge for achromatic flat lenses with a high numerical aperture to simultaneously achieve broad bandwidth and expand the aperture sizes. Here, we present the zone division multiplex of the meta-atoms on a stepwise phase dispersion compensation (SPDC) layer to address the above challenge. In principle, the aperture size can be freely enlarged by increasing the optical thickness difference between the central and marginal zones of the SPDC layer, without the limit of the achromatic bandwidth. The SPDC layer also serves as the substrate, making the device thinner. Two achromatic flat lenses of 500 nm thickness with a bandwidth of 650–1000 nm are experimentally achieved: one with a numerical aperture of 0.9 and a radius of 20.1 µm, and another with a numerical aperture of 0.7 and a radius of 30.0 µm. To the best of our knowledge, they are the broadband achromatic flat lenses with highest numerical apertures, the largest aperture sizes and thinnest thickness reported so far. Microscopic imaging with a 1.10 µm resolution has also been demonstrated by white light illumination, surpassing any previously reported resolution attained by achromatic metalenses and multi-level diffractive lenses. These unprecedented performances mark a substantial step toward practical applications of flat lenses.
Differentiation of anterior chamber pigment and inflammatory cells using swept-source optical coherence tomography: a cross-sectional study
We aimed to investigate the potential of anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) in differentiating anterior chamber (AC) pigment and inflammatory cells.
Retinal morphology across the menstrual cycle: insights from the UK Biobank
Oestradiol and progesterone levels are higher in menstruating women than men of the same age, and their receptors are present in their neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium. However, the impact of this hormonal environment on retinal physiology in women remains unclear. Using self-reported menstrual cycle phases as a surrogate for fluctuating hormonal levels, we investigated associations with retinovascular indices on colour fundus photograph and retinal thickness in optical coherence tomography across regularly menstruating women in the UK Biobank. We found no differences in retinal thickness across the cycle; however, vessel density, arteriolar and venular, and fractal dimension were higher in the luteal phase than follicular. The calibre of the central retinal vessels did not differ. This study suggests that the menstrual cycle phase might be associated with retinal microvasculature density in non-invasive imaging. It raises awareness for this understudied area, providing insights into neuroscience fields and epidemiological studies.
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