Intramyocellular lipid use is altered with exercise in males with childhood-onset obesity despite no differences in substrate oxidation
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Genetic architectures of childhood maltreatment and causal influence of childhood maltreatment on health outcomes in adulthood
Childhood maltreatment is increasingly recognized as a pivotal risk factor for adverse health outcomes. However, comprehensive analyses of its long-term impact are scarce. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the genetic architectures of childhood maltreatment and its influence on adult health and socioeconomic outcomes. Utilizing data from the UK Biobank (N = 129,017), we conducted sex-combined and sex-stratified genome-wide association studies to identify genomic loci associated with five childhood maltreatment subtypes. We then performed genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the effects of childhood maltreatment on high-burden diseases, healthcare costs, lifespan, and educational attainment. We identified several novel loci for childhood maltreatment, including one locus for sexual abuse in sex-combined analysis, one novel locus for sexual abuse in males, one locus for emotional neglect in females, and one locus for sexual abuse in females. The pairwise genetic correlations between subtypes of childhood maltreatment were moderate to high, and similar patterns of genetic correlations between childhood maltreatment subtypes were observed in males and females. Childhood maltreatment was genetically correlated with ten out of 16 high-burden diseases significantly after multiple testing correction. Moreover, MR analyses suggest childhood maltreatment may increase the risk of age-related and other hearing loss, low back pain, major depressive disorder, and migraine in adulthood, and reduce the lifespan. Our study elucidates the genetic architecture of specific childhood maltreatment subtypes and the influence of childhood maltreatment on health outcomes in adulthood, highlighting the enduring influence of childhood maltreatment on lifelong health consequences. It is important to develop prevention strategies to lower the incidence of childhood maltreatment and provide support and care for victims of childhood maltreatment for better long-term health outcomes in the population.
Role of pancreatic lipase inhibition in obesity treatment: mechanisms and challenges towards current insights and future directions
The worldwide health emergency of obesity is closely connected to how dietary fats are metabolized, whereas the process is significantly influenced by pancreatic lipase (PL), an enzyme critical for lipid hydrolysis into fatty acids. This narrative review employs a methodological approach utilizing literature searches of PubMed data up to March 2024. The search term criteria encompasses keywords related to the role, mechanism, challenges, and current and future treatments of pancreatic lipase in obesity with an overall references is 106. This paper offers a comprehensive explanation of the role of PL, underlining its significance in the digestive process and lipid imbalances that contribute to obesity and by extension, its impact on obesity development and progression. Additionally, it delves into the dual functionality of the pancreas, emphasizing its impact on metabolism and energy utilization which, when dysregulated, promotes obesity. A focal point of this review is the investigation into the efficacy, challenges, and adverse effects of current pancreatic lipase inhibitors, with orlistat being highlighted as a primary current drug delivery. By discussing advanced obesity treatments, including the exploration of novel anti-obesity medications that target specific biological pathways, this review underscores the complexity of obesity treatment and the necessity for a multifaceted approach. In conclusion, this paper emphasizing the importance of understanding the role of enzymes like pancreatic lipase mechanistic and adopting a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and side effects of current obesity drugs and explore new emerging therapeutic strategies for more effective obesity management.
Are associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related cancer modified by comparative body weight at age 10 years in the UK Biobank study?
Adults living with overweight or obesity do not represent a single homogenous group in terms of mortality and disease risks. The aim of our study was to evaluate how the associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with mortality and incident disease are modified by (i.e., differ according to) self-reported childhood body weight categories.
Pediatric obesity and the risk of multiple sclerosis: a nationwide prospective cohort study
Emerging evidence implies a link between high pediatric body mass index (BMI) and an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, previous research suggests this association is only present for adolescent obesity and not childhood obesity. The present study aimed to assess the association between pediatric obesity and risk of developing MS, and to investigate if degree of obesity and age at obesity treatment initiation affects the risk. In a subgroup, response to obesity treatment on MS risk was assessed.
Moderate-to-vigorous and light-intensity aerobic exercise yield similar effects on food reward, appetitive responses, and energy intake in physically inactive adults
To examine the effect of acute aerobic exercise at moderate-to-vigorous and light intensity on food reward, appetite sensation, and energy intake (EI) in physically inactive adults.
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