Nerve transfers to anterior interosseous nerve for restoration of finger flexion in spinal cord and brachial plexus injury: a systematic Review and individual-patient-data meta-analysis
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Hand kinematics, high-density sEMG comprising forearm and far-field potentials for motion intent recognition
Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals reflect spinal motor neuron activities, and can be used as intuitive inputs for human-machine interaction (HMI) via movement intent recognition. The motor neuron potentials of far-field (wrist) and near-field (forearm) decomposed from high-density (HD) sEMG prospectively provide robust neural drives for HMI, which is a challenging research hotspot. However, there are no publicly available databases that include HD sEMG signals of forearm-wrist (FW) muscles, and hand kinematics (KIN). This paper presents the HD-FW KIN dataset that comprises HD 448-channel sEMG arrays distributed on forearm and wrist with simultaneously recording of finger joint angles and finger flexion forces. This dataset contains muscle activities of 21 subjects while performing 20 hand gestures, and 9 individual or combined finger flexion under two force levels. The usabilities of HD sEMG for hand gesture recognition, finger angle and force prediction were validated. The proposed database allows a comprehensive extraction of the neural drive from forearm and wrist, providing neural interfaces for the development of advanced prosthetic hand and wrist-worn consumer electronics.
Pathogenesis of aquatic bird bornavirus 1 in turkeys of different age
Aquatic bird bornavirus 1 (ABBV1), an orthobornavirus in the family Bornaviridae, displays a broad host range among avian species, including poultry. The pathogenesis of orthobornaviruses, at least in mammals and psittacines, appears to be mediated by the host immune response against the infected nervous tissue, with younger animals showing a milder disease due to immune tolerance. Here, we tested the ability of ABBV1 to infect domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), with a focus on evaluating the impact of age at infection. Cohorts of 6-week-old (old) and day-old (young) male turkeys were divided into virus-inoculated and control groups, and kept for up to 12 weeks. Results showed that turkeys of both ages were susceptible to ABBV1 infection by intramuscular administration, following a centripetal and limited centrifugal spread, although infection appeared delayed in old compared to young birds. Notably, only young turkeys developed clinical signs and more frequent inflammation of the central nervous system, indicating that infection at a very early age is unlikely to induce tolerance to ABBV1 infection.
Achieving at-scale seascape restoration by optimising cross-habitat facilitative processes
Cross-habitat facilitative processes can enhance seascape restoration outcomes but there is uncertainty around the spatial dependencies of these processes across habitats. We synthesised the influence of environmental parameters on six processes underpinning cross-habitat facilitation and identified the linear distances over which they operate between habitats. All six process types occur at distances commonly used in seascape restoration demonstrating how harnessing facilitation can scale-up restoration to meet national and international goals.
A framework for just seascape restoration
Scientists engaging in active habitat restoration often lack guidance and training on how to justly engage with the communities that rely on these ecosystems. This perspective offers a framework with five key recommendations for just seascape restoration: knowledge coevolution, participatory process, equity, and consistent monitoring. Employing these principles will support successful, just seascape restoration and can be applied to restoration efforts across various habitats and scales including the ecoscape scale.
Progressive enhancement and restoration for mural images under low-light and defective conditions based on multi-receptive field strategy
Ancient murals represent invaluable heritage, providing deep insights into historic culture. However, these murals are increasingly at risk due to long-term degradation caused by oxidation and inadequate protection, and other factors, resulting in damages such as peeling and mold. Furthermore, the challenge posed by low-light conditions during image capture exacerbates the analyses and the restoration process, making it difficult to effectively identify and repair defects. To tackle these pressing challenges and facilitate efficient batch restoration at archeological sites, we propose a two-stage restoration model named MER. First, our model employs an innovative illumination enhancement module to improve the lighting of low-light mural images. Second, an automatic defect detection strategy, combined with a multi-receptive field approach, is utilized to systematically restore the identified defects. Comprehensive evaluations demonstrate that our MER model significantly enhances the visual quality of the restored images and achieves superior performance on relevant metrics compared to existing methods. Our works highlight the importance of addressing both lighting issues and defect detection in ancient mural restoration. Furthermore, we have launched a website dedicated to the restoration of ancient mural paintings, utilizing the proposed model. Code is available at https://gitee.com/bbfan2024/MER.git.
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