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Inconsistent influence of temperature, precipitation, and CO2 variations on the plateau alpine vegetation carbon flux
The superimposed fluctuations of temperature, precipitation, and CO2 concentration are crucial for the Alpine Vegetation Carbon Flux on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This study updates the Lund-Potsdam-Jena Model (LPJ) with plant functional types native to alpine regions and assimilates the daily LAI remote sensing datasets. And, the influence of climate factors and CO2 concentration on Alpine Vegetation carbon fluxes was simulated. Validation against field data shows the model accurately simulates daily GPP with R2 of 0.8332 and 0.8608, RMSE of 1.96 and 1.485 for 2013–2014, respectively. For NEP, the RMSE are 1.15 and 1.19 for the same years. The research reveals the pronounced spatiotemporal variations of carbon fluxes were highly responsive to temperature changes. Precipitation shows a more consistent interannual variation relationship with carbon fluxes than temperature does. Notably, NPP/GPP increase only with concurrent rises in CO2 and precipitation, highlighting the superimposed implications of climate-induced carbon flux changes in Alpine vegetation.
The risk effects of corporate digitalization: exacerbate or mitigate?
This study elaborates on the risk effects of corporate digital transformation (CDT). Using the ratio of added value of digital assets to total intangible assets as a measure of CDT, this study overall reveals an inverse relationship between CDT and revenue volatility, even after employing a range of technical techniques to address potential endogeneity. Heterogeneity analysis highlights that the firms with small size, high capital intensity, and high agency costs benefit more from CDT. It also reveals that advancing information infrastructure, intellectual property protection, and digital taxation enhances the effectiveness of CDT. Mechanism analysis uncovers that CDT not only enhances financial advantages such as bolstering core business and mitigating non-business risks but also fosters non-financial advantages like improving corporate governance and ESG performance. Further inquiries into the side effects of CDT and the dynamics of revenue volatility indicate that CDT might compromise cash flow availability. Excessive digital investments exacerbate operating risks. Importantly, the reduction in operating risk associated with CDT does not sacrifice the potential for enhanced company performance; rather, it appears to augment the value of real options.
Toward change in the uneven geographies of urban knowledge production
More than four-fifths of the global urban population live in the Global South and East. Most urban theories, however, originate in the Global North. Building on recent efforts to address this mismatch, this paper examines the geographies of urban knowledge production. It analyzes the institutional affiliations of contributions in 25 leading Anglophone journals (n = 14,582) and nine urban handbooks (n = 252). We show that 42% of the journal articles and 17% of the handbook chapters were authored outside the Global North. However, only 15% of the editor positions (handbooks: 10%) were held by scholars based outside the Global North. This indicates that Global Northern institutions still dominate knowledge gatekeeping, whereas authors are more diverse. Additionally, more empirical journals and those with fewer Northern board members tend to publish more non-Northern authors. Our findings underscore the need for greater epistemic diversity in gatekeeping positions and broader understandings of what counts as theory to better incorporate diverse urban knowledge.
Efficient computation using spatial-photonic Ising machines with low-rank and circulant matrix constraints
Spatial-photonic Ising machines (SPIMs) have shown promise as an energy-efficient Ising machine, but currently can only solve a limited set of Ising problems. There is currently limited understanding on what experimental constraints may impact the performance of SPIM, and what computationally intensive problems can be efficiently solved by SPIM. Our results indicate that the performance of SPIMs is critically affected by the rank and precision of the coupling matrices. By developing and assessing advanced decomposition techniques, we expand the range of problems SPIMs can solve, overcoming the limitations of traditional Mattis-type matrices. Our approach accommodates a diverse array of coupling matrices, including those with inherently low ranks, applicable to complex NP-complete problems. We explore the practical benefits of the low-rank approximation in optimisation tasks, particularly in financial optimisation, to demonstrate the real-world applications of SPIMs. Finally, we evaluate the computational limitations imposed by SPIM hardware precision and suggest strategies to optimise the performance of these systems within these constraints.
Spatiotemporal changes and driving factors of ecological vulnerability in karst World Heritage sites based on SRP and geodetector: a case study of Shibing and Libo-Huanjiang karst
Ecological vulnerability is crucial in assessing the ecosystems of Karst World Heritage Sites(WHSs), providing vital insights for ecological evaluation, protection, and resilience enhancement. This study develops an indicator system based on the Sensitivity-Recovery-Pressure (SRP) conceptual model, selecting 11 indicators across four dimensions: climate, topography, vegetation, and human disturbance. Using Shibing and Libo-Huanjiang Karst WHSs as study areas, we analyzed data from 2014, 2018, and 2022. By integrating the entropy weight method with the Geodetector, we investigated the spatiotemporal changes in ecological vulnerability and identified the primary driving factors. The findings reveal: (1) Temporally, the comprehensive ecological vulnerability index of Shibing WHS initially decreased and then increased from 2014 to 2022, but overall trending positively. In contrast, the vulnerability index of Libo-Huanjiang WHS showed a slight increase. (2) Spatially, core areas of the WHSs exhibited relatively low ecological vulnerability, while buffer zones and tourist concentration areas showed higher vulnerability. (3) Regarding driving factors, all indicators significantly influenced ecological vulnerability, with multi-factor interactions offering stronger explanatory power than single factors. These results provide essential scientific evidence for assessing the ecological environment of Karst WHSs, promoting sustainable tourism development, and enhancing environmental change resilience.
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