The memorability of voices is predictable and consistent across listeners
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Affiliation around tensions: strategies for aligning with putative readers through counter-expectation resources in media editorials
One important feature of newspaper editorials concerns the presentation of opposing values towards one ideational entity. This study aims to explore affiliation around contrasting values in media discourse, with a particular focus on the role of counter-expectation resources in dynamically managing these values and creating ambient affiliation between writers and putative readers. The analyses were undertaken with reference to the discourse semantic systems of ideation and appraisal in systemic functional linguistics. Based on close qualitative analysis of a corpus of editorials collected from The Australian, this study identified four recurrent rhetorical strategies used to override positive assessments of the Labor Party. The analysis develops the affiliation framework by exploring alignment around opposing values and provides guidelines for widening the study of persuasion in media discourse by focusing on the rhetorical functions of counter-expectation resources.
Cultural nuances in subtitling the religious discourse marker wallah in Jordanian drama into English
This study examines the strategies and challenges of subtitling the religious discourse marker والله wallah (by God) in Jordanian Arabic drama on Netflix. Two works, the series Jinn (2019) and the film Theeb (2014), are chosen as the corpus of the data. The study analyses the pragmatic functions of the religious marker wallah, which Arabs usually use to swear to God in different contexts and examines its English subtitles. The theoretical framework partially employs Vinay and Darbelnet’s (1995) literal translation and omission strategies and Baker’s (2018) translation approaches, including equivalence and paraphrase. A qualitative analysis is conducted to analyse the functions of occurrences of this marker in its pragmatic context, along with its subtitling into English. The study found that the religious marker is frequently omitted in the subtitles or rendered into various linguistic elements such as speech acts, intensifiers, emphatic expressions, filler words, and sarcastic utterances. wallah was either paraphrased or literally translated in some instances. The study concludes that it is necessary to employ unique techniques to overcome the cultural and linguistic gaps, depending on the function of the religious discourse marker, and to improve the reliability and quality of interpreting religious markers in audiovisual settings.
Neural codes track prior events in a narrative and predict subsequent memory for details
Throughout our lives, we learn schemas that specify what types of events to expect in particular contexts and the temporal order in which these events usually occur. Here, our first goal was to investigate how such context-dependent temporal structures are represented in the brain during processing of temporally extended events. To accomplish this, we ran a 2-day fMRI study (N = 40) in which we exposed participants to many unique animated videos of weddings composed of sequences of rituals; each sequence originated from one of two fictional cultures (North and South), where rituals were shared across cultures, but the transition structure between these rituals differed across cultures. The results, obtained using representational similarity analysis, revealed that context-dependent temporal structure is represented in multiple ways in parallel, including distinct neural representations for the culture, for particular sequences, and for past and current events within the sequence. Our second goal was to test the hypothesis that neural schema representations scaffold memory for specific details. In keeping with this hypothesis, we found that the strength of the neural representation of the North/South schema for a particular wedding predicted subsequent episodic memory for the details of that wedding.
Human neural dynamics of real-world and imagined navigation
The ability to form episodic memories and later imagine them is integral to the human experience, influencing our recollection of the past and envisioning of the future. While rodent studies suggest the medial temporal lobe, especially the hippocampus, is involved in these functions, its role in human imagination remains uncertain. In human participants, imaginations can be explicitly instructed and reported. Here we investigate hippocampal theta oscillations during real-world and imagined navigation using motion capture and intracranial electroencephalographic recordings from individuals with chronically implanted medial temporal lobe electrodes. Our results revealed intermittent theta dynamics, particularly within the hippocampus, encoding spatial information and partitioning navigational routes into linear segments during real-world navigation. During imagined navigation, theta dynamics exhibited similar patterns despite the absence of external cues. A statistical model successfully reconstructed real-world and imagined positions, providing insights into the neural mechanisms underlying human navigation and imagination, with implications for understanding memory in real-world settings.
Locked in echoes: unveiling the dynamics of social media echo chambers and Hindu radicalization targeting Muslim youth in Delhi
The concept of a social media echo chamber is when someone is exposed to biased and personal media that ignores diverse viewpoints and opposing viewpoints. There are many underlying causes for the radicalization of Hindu youth in Delhi, and the problem is complex. An in-depth examination of Hindu nationalism, a political ideology that promotes the creation of a Hindu Rashtra predominantly focused on the supremacy of the upper caste, especially Brahmin principles, is imperative within the realm of development studies. The repercussions of the radicalization of Hindu youth in Delhi are particularly significant as a result of the aggressive actions against Muslims that have resulted from this ideology, which have induced a climate of dread and disquiet. Extremist organizations use echo chambers as a propaganda tool to indoctrinate youth. These virtual worlds reinforce pre-existing convictions by providing information that supports their ideology. This research investigates the subtleties of social media echo chambers to evaluate the radicalization of Hindus and its repercussions on the experiences of Muslim youth in Delhi. The goal of this study is to pinpoint the underlying mechanisms by which social media echo chambers facilitate the radicalization of Hindus and the targeting of Muslim youth.
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