The varying accretion at PDS 70
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Interventions for suicidal and self-injurious related behaviors in adolescents with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
As a leading cause of adolescent death, suicidal and self-injurious related behaviors (SSIRBs) is a devastating global health problem, particularly among patients with psychiatric disorders (PDs). Previous studies have shown that multiple interventions can alleviate symptoms and reduce risks. This review aimed to provide a systematic summary of interventions (i.e., medication, physical therapy, psychosocial therapy) for the treatment of SSIRBs among Chinese adolescents with PDs. From inception to September 17, 2023, twelve databases (PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trial, Web of Science, CEPS, SinoMed, Wanfang and CNKI) were searched. We qualitatively and quantitatively synthesized the included studies. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), risk ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) used the Der Simonian and Laird random-effects model. Fifty-two studies covering 3709 eligible participants were included. Overall, the commonly used interventions targeting SSIRBs and negative feelings in PDs adolescents with SSIRBs included psychosocial therapy (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy), medication (e.g., antidepressants), and physiotherapy (e.g., repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation). Importantly, quetiapine fumarate in combination with sodium valproate (SV) had positive effects on reducing self-injury behaviors score [SMD: −2.466 (95% CI: −3.305, −1.628), I2 = 88.36%], depression [SMD: −1.587 (95% CI: −2.505, −0.670), I2 = 90.45%], anxiety [SMD: −1.925 (95% CI: −2.700, −1.150), I2 = 85.23%], impulsivity [SMD: −2.439 (95% CI: −2.748, −2.094), I2 = 0%], as well as its safety in comparison with SV alone. No significant difference of adverse reactions was found by low-dose QF (P > 0.05). This review systematically outlined the primary characteristics, safety and effectiveness of interventions for Chinese PDs adolescents with SSIRBs, which could serve as valuable evidence for guidelines aiming to formulate recommendations.
Fully degradable, transparent, and flexible photodetectors using ZnO nanowires and PEDOT:PSS based nanofibres
Transparent light detection devices are attractive for emerging see-through applications such as augmented reality, smart windows and optical communications using light fidelity (Li-Fi). Herein, we present flexible and transparent photodetectors (PDs) using conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS): Ag nanowires (NWs) based nanofibres and zinc oxide (ZnO) NWs on a transparent and degradable cellulose acetate (CA) substrate. The electrospun (PEDOT:PSS): Ag NW-based nanofibres exhibit a sheet resistance of 11 Ω/sq and optical transmittance of 79% (at 550 nm of wavelength). The PDs comprise of ZnO NWs, as photosensitive materials, bridging the electrode based on conductive nanofibres on CA substrate. The developed PDs exhibit high responsivity (1.10 ×106 A/W) and show excellent stability under dynamic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, and on both flat and curved surfaces. The eco-friendly PDs present here can degrade naturally at the end of life – thus offering an electronic waste-free solution for transparent electrodes and flexible optoelectronics applications.
A connection between proto-neutron-star Tayler–Spruit dynamos and low-field magnetars
Low-field magnetars have dipolar magnetic fields of 1012–1013 G, 10–100 times weaker than the values of magnetic-field strength B ≈ 1014–1015 G used to define classical magnetars, yet they produce similar X-ray bursts and outbursts. Using direct numerical simulations of magnetothermal evolution starting from a dynamo-generated magnetic field, we show that the low-field magnetars can be produced as a result of a Tayler–Spruit dynamo inside a proto-neutron star. We find that these simulations naturally explain key characteristics of low-field magnetars: weak (≲1013 G) dipolar magnetic fields, strong small-scale fields and magnetically induced crustal failures producing X-ray bursts. These findings suggest that the formation channel of low-B magnetars is distinct from that for classical magnetars, reflecting potential differences in proto-neutron-star dynamos.
Room-temperature waveguide-integrated photodetector using bolometric effect for mid-infrared spectroscopy applications
Waveguide-integrated mid-infrared (MIR) photodetectors are pivotal components for the development of molecular spectroscopy applications, leveraging mature photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technologies. Despite various strategies, critical challenges still remain in achieving broadband photoresponse, cooling-free operation, and large-scale complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible manufacturability. To leap beyond these limitations, the bolometric effect – a thermal detection mechanism – is introduced into the waveguide platform. More importantly, we pursue a free-carrier absorption (FCA) process in germanium (Ge) to create an efficient light-absorbing medium, providing a pragmatic solution for full coverage of the MIR spectrum without incorporating exotic materials into CMOS. Here, we present an uncooled waveguide-integrated photodetector based on a Ge-on-insulator (Ge-OI) PIC architecture, which exploits the bolometric effect combined with FCA. Notably, our device exhibits a broadband responsivity of 28.35%/mW across 4030–4360 nm (and potentially beyond), challenging the state of the art, while achieving a noise-equivalent power of 4.03 × 10−7 W/Hz0.5 at 4180 nm. We further demonstrate label-free sensing of gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) using our integrated photodetector and sensing waveguide on a single chip. This approach to room-temperature waveguide-integrated MIR photodetection, harnessing bolometry with FCA in Ge, not only facilitates the realization of fully integrated lab-on-a-chip systems with wavelength flexibility but also provides a blueprint for MIR PICs with CMOS-foundry-compatibility.
Core beliefs in psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Increasing interest is growing for the identification of psychological mechanisms to account for the influence of trauma on psychosis, with core beliefs being proposed as a putative mediator to account for this relationship. A systematic review (n = 79 studies) was conducted to summarise the existing evidence base regarding the role of core beliefs/schemas in psychosis, Clinical High-Risk (CHR), and non-clinical samples with Psychotic-Like Experiences (PLEs). Compared to Healthy Controls (HCs), individuals with psychosis experiencing Auditory Hallucinations or Persecutory Delusions had significantly higher scores for negative self and negative other-beliefs and significantly lower scores for positive self and positive other-beliefs. This pattern of core beliefs was also observed for CHR individuals. In contrast, the core belief profile for grandiose delusions was in the opposite direction: higher positive self and positive other-beliefs and lower negative self-beliefs. In non-clinical samples, several factors mediated the relationship between Traumatic Life Events (TLEs) and PLEs, such as greater perceived stress, dissociation, external locus of control, and negative self and negative other-beliefs. Compared to HCs, meta-analyses revealed statistically significant large effects for negative self and negative other-beliefs in Schizophrenia. In CHR, statistically significant large and moderate effects were found for negative self and negative other-beliefs, respectively, along with a moderate negative effect for positive self-beliefs. Core beliefs were found to play a significant role in the development and maintenance of positive symptoms of psychosis. The development of psychosocial interventions that explicitly target negative self and other-beliefs, whilst also enhancing positive self-beliefs are warranted and would innovate CBTp practices.
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