U-shaped association between blood pressure and all-cause mortality in older adults: the Shizuoka study
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Blood pressure elevations post-lenvatinib treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma: a potential marker for better prognosis
Lenvatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that effectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and is used for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. However, angiogenesis inhibitors often cause hypertension. Although lenvatinib-induced hypertension has been proposed as a potential surrogate marker for better prognosis, studies on blood pressure elevations and outcomes following lenvatinib initiation are limited. This study included 67 patients who underwent lenvatinib therapy at the Department of Gastroenterology, Kagoshima University Hospital, between May 2018 and December 2023. The median age of the cohort was 71 years, and 82.1% of the patients were male. The median blood pressure at admission was 128/73 mmHg, which significantly increased to 136/76 mmHg the day after lenvatinib administration. Grade 3 hypertension (≥160/100 mmHg) occurred in 37.3% of patients during hospitalization. The median increase in systolic blood pressure from admission to its peak during hospitalization was 26 mmHg. Patients who experienced an increase in blood pressure of ≥26 mmHg were classified into the blood pressure elevation group, which showed a significantly lower mortality rate than that of the blood pressure non-elevation group (35.3% vs. 81.8%, log-rank p = 0.007), even after adjusting for age, sex, disease stage, performance status, and liver reserve function. This study demonstrated that patients who experienced earlier blood pressure elevation after lenvatinib administration had lower overall mortality rates. These findings suggest that blood pressure elevations after lenvatinib initiation may serve as valuable prognostic indicators in patients with cancer undergoing lenvatinib therapy.
Bicomponent nano- and microfiber aerogels for effective management of junctional hemorrhage
Managing junctional hemorrhage is challenging due to ineffective existing techniques, with the groin being the most common site, accounting for approximately 19.2% of potentially survivable field deaths. Here, we report a bicomponent nano- and microfiber aerogel (NMA) for injection into deep, narrow junctional wounds to effectively halt bleeding. The aerogel comprises intertwined poly(lactic acid) nanofibers and poly(ε-caprolactone) microfibers, with mechanical properties tunable through crosslinking. Optimized aerogels demonstrate improved resilience, toughness, and elasticity, enabling rapid re-expansion upon blood contact. They demonstrate superior blood absorption and clotting efficacy compared to commercial products (i.e., QuikClot® Combat Gauze and XStat®). Most importantly, in a lethal swine junctional wound model (Yorkshire swine, both male and female, n = 5), aerogel treatment achieved immediate hemostasis, a 100% survival rate, no rebleeding, hemodynamic stability, and stable coagulation, hematologic, and arterial blood gas testing.
Clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of X-linked hypophosphataemia
X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) is a rare metabolic bone disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the PHEX gene, which is predominantly expressed in osteoblasts, osteocytes and odontoblasts. XLH is characterized by increased synthesis of the bone-derived phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which results in renal phosphate wasting with consecutive hypophosphataemia, rickets, osteomalacia, disproportionate short stature, oral manifestations, pseudofractures, craniosynostosis, enthesopathies and osteoarthritis. Patients with XLH should be provided with multidisciplinary care organized by a metabolic bone expert. Historically, these patients were treated with frequent doses of oral phosphate supplements and active vitamin D, which was of limited efficiency and associated with adverse effects. However, the management of XLH has evolved in the past few years owing to the availability of burosumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that neutralizes circulating FGF23. Here, we provide updated clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of XLH to improve outcomes and quality of life in these patients.
Group arts interventions for depression and anxiety among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed the efficacy of group arts interventions, where individuals engage together in a shared artistic experience (for example, dance or painting), for reducing depression and anxiety among older adults (> 55 yr without dementia). Fifty controlled studies were identified via electronic databases searched to February 2024 (randomised: 42, non-randomised: 8). Thirty-nine studies were included. Thirty-six studies investigated the impact of group arts interventions on depression (n = 3,360) and ten studies investigated anxiety (n = 949). Subgroup analyses assessed whether participant, contextual, intervention and study characteristics moderated the intervention–outcome relationship. Risk of bias was assessed with appropriate tools (RoB-2, ROBINS-1). Group arts interventions were associated with a moderate reduction in depression (Cohen’s d = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.54–0.87, P < 0.001) and a moderate reduction in anxiety (d = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.37–1.52, P < 0.001), although there was publication bias in the depression studies. After a trim and fill adjustment, the effect for depression remained (d = 0.42; CI = 0.35–0.50; P < 0.001). Context moderated this effect: There was a greater reduction in depression when group arts interventions were delivered in care homes (d = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.72–1.42, P < 0.001) relative to the community (d = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.32–0.70, P < 0.001). Findings indicate that group arts are an effective intervention for addressing depression and anxiety among older adults.
Are associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related cancer modified by comparative body weight at age 10 years in the UK Biobank study?
Adults living with overweight or obesity do not represent a single homogenous group in terms of mortality and disease risks. The aim of our study was to evaluate how the associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with mortality and incident disease are modified by (i.e., differ according to) self-reported childhood body weight categories.
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